Gate Research: Web3 Cross-Chain Services at a Glance - Mainstream Protocols, Innovation Trends and Challenges

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The latest release of "Web3 Cross-Chain Services at a Glance: Mainstream Protocols, Innovation Trends and Challenges".The report systematically sorts out the technical path, main players, competitive situation and future development direction of the current Web3 cross-chain service. The report analyzes the core differences of mainstream cross-chain protocols in terms of interoperability, asset circulation, cross-chain security, etc., and also dismantles in detail cutting-edge trends such as chain abstraction, intent-driven, and AI integration, presenting a panorama and evolution logic of the cross-chain track for project parties and industry practitioners.

Key Points Summary:

• The essence and business logic of cross-chain services: The cross-chain protocol is the core infrastructure that breaks down the asset, data, and application barriers between chains, and is the key hub for building Web3 multi-chain ecological interconnection. At present, cross-chain services mainly focus on asset bridging and messaging, which not only improves cross-chain efficiency and security, but also gradually explores more complex on-chain collaboration and cross-chain combination innovation.
• Current Pattern and Market Distribution: At present, the market has formed a pattern of coexistence of three mainstream standard protocols: LayerZero, Wormhole, and Axelar. Among them, LayerZero has a first-mover advantage with extensive ecosystem integration and lightweight architecture, Wormhole has accelerated its breakthrough with cross-ecosystem asset bridges and open network standards, and Axelar has deeply cultivated the B-end market with full-stack services and compliance capabilities.
• Evolution of Technology Patterns and Exploration of Differences: Cross-chain services have gradually evolved from a simple asset bridge to a full-stack infrastructure with multi-chain message delivery, cross-chain contract invocation and chain abstraction capabilities. LayerZero builds a flexible channel based on light node and end-user authentication mode, Wormhole relies on Guardian Network and standardized APIs to build an open and interconnected ecosystem, and Axelar focuses on cross-chain secure routing and decentralized governance, gradually strengthening cross-chain data and compliance asset delivery capabilities.
• Security, User Experience, and Economic Design: Cross-chain services need to seek a dynamic balance between security, user experience, and fee efficiency. LayerZero enhances security by trusting external observers and end-user verification, Wormhole strengthens the standardization of cross-chain asset and message verification and introduces additional security committees, and Axelar relies on a decentralized verification network and full-stack governance to reduce systemic risk.
• Future Trends and Development Directions: With the prosperity of the multi-chain ecosystem and the upgrading of cross-chain demand, cross-chain services will gradually evolve from a simple asset bridge to a full-chain interoperable network. The head protocol strengthens the advantages of technical standardization and ecological synergy, gradually lowers the threshold for cross-chain interaction with chain abstraction and intent driven, and accelerates the extension of cross-chain capabilities with new technologies such as AI agent and privacy computing.

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gate March 13, 2025